There are Sant’Antioco, Cala Raia, the islands of La Vacca, Il Vitello and in the distance Il Toro.
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The island of Sant’Antióccu (Sardinian isula ‘e Sàntu Antiògu, Tabarchino uiza de Sant’Antióccu) is located in the extreme south-west of Sardinia, connected to it by a bridge and an artificial isthmus. In Roman times it was known as Insula Plumbaria. Sant’Antióccu is the fourth largest island in the Italian Republic (108.9 km²), just after Elba (which is almost half the size of Elba) and larger than Pantelleria (83 km²). The sixth island is Sant’Antióccu’s “sister”, the island of San Pietro. The island is mostly volcanic in origin. It is an ancient volcanic activity that has been inactive for at least 15 to 20 million years. The coast of the island is mainly rocky. In the western part (towards the open sea) the coast is characterised by vertical or very steep cliff-like walls, scattered caves and a few bays, with few but large beaches. The eastern coast, overlooking Sardinia, has a low, sandy coast that gradually takes on a lagoon-like appearance at the point where it connects with Sardinia itself. In the southern bay, south of the isthmus, there is a very large sandy beach surrounded by tombolo and sand dunes. The interior of the island is hilly with limited elevation and no significant waterways. To the south of the coast there are several uninhabited and difficult to access rocky islands, the largest of which is the island of Toro. Vegetation of the island of Sant’Antíoco The main vegetation formation is a typical low Mediterranean shrub, composed of rockrose (Cistus), mastic (Pistacia lentiscus), strawberry (Arbutus unedo) and juniper (Juniperus). Among the island’s plant forms are the dwarf palm (Chamaerops humilis), the only species native to Europe, and the Cretan date palm (Phoenix theophrasti). The island is dotted with small family-run vegetable gardens and vineyards, especially in the most protected (eastern) areas. The most widely cultivated fruit trees are the grapevine (Vitis vinifera), figs, and cacti, of which there are many varieties.
